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12. Spring Boot JPA的查询语句

之前的文章中,我们讲解了如何使用Spring Boot JPA, 在Spring Boot JPA中我们可通过构建查询方法或者通过@Query注解来构建查询语句,本文我们将会更详细的讨论查询语句的构建。

准备工作

首先我们需要添加依赖,这里我们还是使用H2内存数据库:

        <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

我们创建一个Entity:

@Data
@Entity
public class Movie {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
private Long id;
private String title;
private String director;
private String rating;
private int duration;
}

构建初始化data.sql:

INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) 
VALUES(1, 'Godzilla: King of the Monsters', ' Michael Dougherty', 'PG-13', 132);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(2, 'Avengers: Endgame', 'Anthony Russo', 'PG-13', 181);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(3, 'Captain Marvel', 'Anna Boden', 'PG-13', 123);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(4, 'Dumbo', 'Tim Burton', 'PG', 112);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(5, 'Booksmart', 'Olivia Wilde', 'R', 102);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(6, 'Aladdin', 'Guy Ritchie', 'PG', 128);
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES(7, 'The Sun Is Also a Star', 'Ry Russo-Young', 'PG-13', 100);

构建Repository:

public interface MovieRepository extends JpaRepository<Movie, Long> {
}

Containing, Contains, IsContaining 和 Like

如果我们想要构建模下面的模糊查询语句:

SELECT * FROM movie WHERE title LIKE '%in%';

我们可以这样写:

List<Movie> findByTitleContaining(String title);
List<Movie> findByTitleContains(String title);
List<Movie> findByTitleIsContaining(String title);

将上面的语句添加到Repository中就够了。

我们看下怎么测试:

@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {QueryApp.class})
public class MovieRepositoryTest {

@Autowired
private MovieRepository movieRepository;

@Test
public void TestMovieQuery(){
List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByTitleContaining("in");
assertEquals(3, results.size());

results = movieRepository.findByTitleIsContaining("in");
assertEquals(3, results.size());

results = movieRepository.findByTitleContains("in");
assertEquals(3, results.size());
}
}

Spring 还提供了Like 关键词,我们可以这样用:

List<Movie> findByTitleLike(String title);

测试代码:

results = movieRepository.findByTitleLike("%in%");
assertEquals(3, results.size());

StartsWith

如果我们需要实现下面这条SQL:

SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE Rating LIKE 'PG%';

我们可以这样使用:

List<Movie> findByRatingStartsWith(String rating);

测试代码如下:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByRatingStartsWith("PG");
assertEquals(6, results.size());

EndsWith

如果我们要实现下面的SQL:

SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE director LIKE '%Burton';

可以这样构建:

List<Movie> findByDirectorEndsWith(String director);

测试代码如下:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByDirectorEndsWith("Burton");
assertEquals(1, results.size());

大小写不敏感

要是想实现大小不敏感的功能我们可以这样:

List<Movie> findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase(String title);

测试代码如下:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase("the");
assertEquals(2, results.size());

Not

要想实现Not的功能,我们可以使用NotContains, NotContaining, 和 NotLike关键词:

List<Movie> findByRatingNotContaining(String rating);

测试代码如下:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByRatingNotContaining("PG");
assertEquals(1, results.size());

NotLike:

List<Movie> findByDirectorNotLike(String director);

测试代码如下:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.findByDirectorNotLike("An%");
assertEquals(5, results.size());

@Query

如果我们要实现比较复杂的查询功能,我们可以使用@Query,下面是一个命名参数的使用:

@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.title LIKE %:title%")
List<Movie> searchByTitleLike(@Param("title") String title);

如果有多个参数,我们可以这样指定参数的顺序:

@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.rating LIKE ?1%")
List<Movie> searchByRatingStartsWith(String rating);

下面是测试代码:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.searchByRatingStartsWith("PG");
assertEquals(6, results.size());

在Spring Boot2.4之后,我们可以使用SpEL表达式:

@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.director LIKE %?#{escape([0])} escape ?#{escapeCharacter()}")
List<Movie> searchByDirectorEndsWith(String director);

看下怎么使用:

List<Movie> results = movieRepository.searchByDirectorEndsWith("Burton");
assertEquals(1, results.size());

本文的例子可以参考

更多教程请参考 flydean的博客


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